CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

CPR stands for?

C = Cardio (heart)

P = Pulmonary (lungs)

R = Resuscitation (recover)

DEFINITION

Cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a technique of basic life support for the purpose of oxygenation to the heart, lungs and brain until and unless the appropriate medical treatment can come and restore the normal cardiopulmonary function.

Cardio pulmonary resuscitation is a series of steps used to establish artificial ventilation and circulation in the patient who is not breathing and has no pulse.

PURPOSE

Ø Restore cardiopulmonary functioning.

Ø Prevent irreversible brain damage from anoxia.

INDICATION

Ø Cardiac arrest

Ø Respiratory arrest

Ø Combination of both

Definition of Cardiac arrest:

It is loss of cardiac function, breathing and loss of consciousness.

Diagnosis of cardiac arrest

1)    Loss of consciousness.

2)  Loss of apical & central pulsations (carotid, femoral).

3)  Apnea.

Causes of cardiac arrest   

1)    Hypoxia.

2)    Hypotension.

3)    Hypothermia

4)    Hypoglycemia

5) Tension pneumothorax.

Ø Respiratory arrest

This may be result of following:

•         Stroke

•         Foreign body in throat

•         Smoke inhalation

•         Accident, injury

•         Suffocation

CPR procedure

Sequences of procedures performed to restore the circulation of oxygenated blood after a sudden pulmonary and/or cardiac arrest

Chest compression and pulmonary ventilation performed by anyone who knows how to do it, anywhere, immediately, without any other equipment.

A new order for CPR, spelled C-A-B American Heart Association Guidelines.

1.      APPROACH SAFETY

2.     CHECK RESPONSE

3.     SHOUT FOR HELP

4.    OPEN AIRWAY

5.     CHECK BREATHING

6.    30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

7.     2 RESCUE BREATHS           1.     APPROACH SAFETY Ø Approach with care! Ø Check out the scene Ø Is it safe for you to approach? Ø Is the victim safe? Ø Are all bystanders safe?

2.   CHECK RESPONSE.

·        Shake shoulders gently

·        Ask “Are you all right?”

3.    SHOUT FOR HELP.

4.    OPEN AIRWAY

                      ·       Airway opening by neck extension

                      ·       Head tilt, chin lift + jaw thrust.

              5.    CHECK BREATHING

                                      •      Look, listen and feel for normal breathing.

•      Do not mistake agonal breathing for normal.

            6.    30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS.

§  Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest

§  Place other hand on top

§  Interlock fingers

§  Compress the chest

§  Rate 100 min^-1

§  Depth 4-5 cm

§  Equal compression : relaxation

§  When possible change CPR operator every 2 min.

                         

    7.    RESCUE BREATHS

• Pinch the nose
• Take a normal breath
• Place lips over mouth
• Blow until the chest rises
• Take about 1 second
• Allow chest to fall
• Repeat.

 RECOMMENDATIONS:

    - Tidal volume 

       500 – 600 ml.

    - Respiratory rate

      give each breaths over about 1s with enough

      Volume to make the victim’s chest rise.

    - Chest-compression-only

      Continuously at a rate of 100 min.


 CONTINUE CPR

          

  THE RECOVERY POSITION.

If the victim starts to breath normally.

ü STOP CPR?

o   Spontaneous breathing is present.

o   The rescuer is exhausted.

o   Orders from the Doctor/DNR Order are presented.

o   Paramedics or advanced team arrives.

    o Patient obviously dead.